eNotes Editorial, 24 Nov. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-are-the-main-quotes-from-othello-in-relation-2551311. | Emilia, come. She describes her commitment to him: This quote demonstrates Desdemona's strength and bravery. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. This is interesting diction following his praise of Iago because to compare humans to animals is a signature of Iago's. It seems as though Othello is brain washed. This is the first time Othello actually tells her whats wrong. / They are all but stomachs, What is Iago's plan and purpose in act 1, scene 3 of Othello? This leaves his mind susceptible to the tragic poisoning by the scheming Iago, even though Desdemona has done nothing wrong. Desdemonas aunt died singing it foreshadowing her death.Desdemona pleading for time: Kill me tomorrow, let me live tonight! But half an hour! But while I say one prayer!Desdemona: O falsely, falsely murdered!Desdemona: A guiltless death I dieDesdemona: Nobody: I myself. How does Iago convince Othello that Desdemona is cheating? "A great Arithmetician, one Michael Cassio". Othello orders Cassio to be killed and kills his loving wife himself due to this suspicion. Othello, Act 4 Scene 2, lines 32-33; Desdemona to Othello. Desdemona, unlike her husband, is not insecure. Thank you for your support to help care for the world's greatest Shakespeare heritage and keep his story alive. Act 5 Scene 2 - Key Scene. Although, as the quotes indicate, jealousy seems to have played a big role. In the streets of Venice, Iago tells Roderigo of his hatred for Othello, who has given Cassio the lieutenancy that Iago wanted and has made Iago a mere ensign. (C) carefully planned O inhuman dog!. He is very good with words and won over the Duke and Desdemona in his skill at storytelling. The Senators wish to send Othello to Cyprus, which is under threat from Turkey. Goes on to say: Till I am evened with him, wife for wifeIago: Now, whether he kill Cassio / Or Cassio him Every way makes my gain Iago finds himself in a win, win situation in getting Roderigo to attack Cassio. Come not between the dragon and his wrath! However, Othello is in too emotional a state to listen, and he has already ordered the lieutenant's murder. Constant repetition even as Othello is killing her. Make all the money thou canst Iagos persuasive + exploitation of Roderigos weaknesses, links to him getting him to do something very dangerous in attacking Cassio. I know my price, I am worth no worse a place., 25. William Shakespeares Othello is a story of jealousy, suspicion, and deceit. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Have You Not Read of Some Such Thing? Desdemona- She has dominion over Othello. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Unfortunately, payments are no longer supported by Mastercard in your web browser
Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Cassio approaches her, but she must now, because of Othellos anger, postpone her efforts on his behalf. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. 'Do not doubt, Cassio, but I will have my lord and you again friendly as you were'. Brabantio and his armed band come to seize Othello, who persuades Brabantio to accompany him to the duke, where Othello has been summoned and where Brabantio can present his case against Othello for his theft of Desdemona. Subscribe now. All of the characters fall prey to his manipulation as many characters call him honest on numerous occasions. The Othello she knew has died. He is proud of his abilities and takes great glee when he sees all of his plans work, he is confident he can take down Othello, and he does. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. This tenacity of Desdemona is partly what serves as her downfall; she continues to champion Cassios cause even when she knows this may create problems for her. Iago: It is a common thing to have a foolish wife Once he has the handkerchief: Go, leave me and she leaves acts hatefully towards his own wife. Iago then kills the wounded Roderigo. Othello questions Emilia about Cassio and Desdemonas relationship, acting as if Emilia is the mistress of a brothel and Desdemona one of her prostitutes. Discount, Discount Code William Shakespeare managed to show us the true tragedy behind jealousy and suspicion in 'Othello'. This is known as blackface. d. misnomer, Use apostrophes as needed to form contractions and plurals from the underlined words, letters, or numbers in the following sentence. She is resolute in the face of adversity and remains committed to her husband. Theres something for everyone. (B) disorganized eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The situation in the song mirrors Desdemonas situation: like the speaker of the song, she understands that her husband no longer loves her, and she is heartbroken. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Desdemona pleads to Othello on Cassios behalf. When Emilia comes to tell Othello about the violence in the streets, he acknowledges the killing, telling her that Iago had informed him of Desdemonas infidelity. What is the meaning of the following quote from Shakespeare's play Othello? 6. That handkerchief which I so loved and gave thee, (Text edited for rehearsals by Iqbal Khan). Are they using prose or verse? Emilia: I am glad I have found this napkin I nothing but to please his fantasy (Iagos desires).Iago: It is a common thing to have a foolish wife Once he has the handkerchief: Go, leave me and she leaves.Emilia lies to Desdemona about the handkerchief: I know not, madamEmilia: They eat us hungerly, and when they are full / They belch us talking about how men treat women but could also link to her relationship with Iago.Emilia to Othello about Desdemona being, honest, chaste, and trueEmilia: If any wretch have put this in your head / Let heaven requite it with the serpents curse! Ironic as her husband is this wretch.Emilia: But I do think it is their husbands faults / If wives do fallEmilia: And have not we affections? The marriag The deceit results in the death of Othellos wife and Cassio, a lieutenant under him which eventually leads to Othellos own demise. The third female . She speaks for herself instead of letting her father speak for her, and she defends her relationship with Othello. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. never tell me; I take it much unkindly. Oh, I have lost my reputation! "So much I challenge that I may profess due to the Moor my lord." You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Preparing for bed, Desdemona tells Emilia about a song she knows called Willow. Othello has just ordered Desdemona to bed, and to please and appease him, she has obeyed. Instead she assumes that everyone will see her integrity and purity. Oh no, why are you chewing on your lip like that? You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. Shows the power imbalance. She instead says: So speaking as I think, alas, I die. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. It is a ridiculous claim, a dangerous one. Roderigo as Iago stabs him: O damned Iago! $24.99 From award-winning theater and music, to poetry and exhibitions, experience the power of the arts with us. O, I have lost my reputation! perhaps Cassios weakness number 2, desperate for his position back + easy for Iago to manipulate.Cassio: I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial further showing Cassios despair at losing his reputation.Cassio: O, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! about wine/alcohol Cassio blames the drink, no blame on Iago at all. Cassio approaches her, but she must now, because of Othello's anger, postpone her efforts on his behalf. At the heart of Shakespeare's"Othello" is the doomed romance between Othello and Desdemona. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/desdemona-and-othello-2984765. Accessed 2 Mar. Latest answer posted February 06, 2021 at 2:05:38 PM. The others are so far beneath him they dont deserve to know, probably wont understand his complex mind.Iago: The Moor already changes with my poison But with a little act upon the blood / Burn like the mines of sulphurIago: Thus do I ever make my fool my purse about Roderigo after he has him trapped in his persuasion. Roderigo is the first to find out about Iagos deception but dies pretty much straight after this. Othello, hearing Cassio cry out, thinks that Iago has killed him, and departs to murder Desdemona. You might find quotes in which Othello maintains his disinclination toward jealousy. She is submissive to Othellos will apart from when she decides to get Cassio his position back, there she is determined to succeed in her kind act for a friend. Character Analysis of Shakespeare's Othello, Shakespeare Tragedies: 10 Plays With Common Features, 'King Lear' Act 1: Summary of the Opening Scene, Character Analysis of Helena and Demetrius, A Complete List of the Tragedies of William Shakespeare, An Analysis of Shakespeare Characters Hermia and Her Father, The Roles of Women in Shakespeare's Plays, M.A., Theater Studies, Warwick University, B.A., Drama and English, DeMontfort University. The Senate agrees to let her join Othello in Cyprus.In Cyprus, Iago continues to plot against Othello and Cassio. After Othello sends her to bed, Desdemona sings the song Willow, a song that tells of a sorrowful woman who loves her man so much that she accepts his hatred of her, and even asks others to forgive him for his hostile treatment of her. Iago advises Cassio to seek Desdemonas help in getting reinstated. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Dive deep into the worlds largest Shakespeare collection and access primary sources from the early modern period. She does not shy away from her fear and bids for Othello to do the sensible thing and ask Cassio how he obtained her handkerchief. To kill someone with an unprepared spirit would mean they would go to hell. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. Othello Quotes. / Then with a passion would I shake the world, There is no following her in this fierce vein. Its been replaced by upset and jealousy. The native act and figure of my heart, In compliment extern, tis not long after, But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve.. Beshrew me if I would do such a wrong. 20% Enter Desdemona, Emilia, and Clown. The backstory of the play by William Shakespeare surrounds the story of Iago with a cruel plan up his sleeve where he causes Othello, his lord, to suspect his trusted lieutenant Cassio and his wife, Desdemona. Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars. She pretends she killed herself to save Othello. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Here are some important quotes from Othello which stay in all of our heads. Headmires and loves his wife, but he can't believe that she would be in love with him. Lie on her? breaks down into prose instead of verse then has a seizure. Her subconscious seems to understand her impending doom, however, for she cant get Willowa song symbolizing a forsaken womans sorrow and impending deathout of her mind. Ace your assignments with our guide to Othello! )I am declined / Into the vale of years Othello also doubts him being too old compared to Cassio. Desdemona is a model wife, if perhaps too . Othello: Honest Iago in the same line as My life upon her faith!Othello: Cassio, I love thee / But never more be officer of mine Iagos plan succeeds, Othello falls into this trap but doesnt have much choice either after Cassios actions.Othello to Iago, trying to find out his thoughts about Desdemona and Cassio: What dost thou think? Bianca giving Cassio back the handkerchief: This is some minxs token after Othello gets up after his seizure and Iago gets him to hide and watch the events.Iago encourages Othellos murderous thoughts, no need to tread carefully anymore now that Othello is certain: strangle her in her bed, even the bed she hath contaminated Othello pretty much does this.Othello finally spells it out: Was this fair paper, this most goodly book / Made to write w.h.o.r.e upon?Othello before killing Desdemona: Yet she must die, else shell betray more men / Put out the light, and then put out the lightOthello: O fool, fool, fool Now Othello sees hes been tricked by Iago. He tells her to pray to God and confess her sins before he kills her. This only is the witchcraft I have used., 7. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! A proud man, well-respected in society, ends up a murderer but still has some remnants of pride. After Iago tells Othello that he heard Cassio calling out Desdemonas name in his sleep, Othello thunders, O monstrous! Othello goes mad with jealousy and later smothers Desdemona on their marriage bed, only to learn of Iagos treachery. In act 4, scene 1, Othello says of his wife, Ay, let her rot and perish, and be damned tonight, for she shall not live. If anything, in fact, this take is even darker and more lacking in in lighthearted moments than the Bard's. As their discussion continues, Othellos jealous rage grows. Dont have an account? Let me speak like yourself, and lay a sentence, Which, as a grise or step, may help these lovers. By joining Kidadl you agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl. If you purchase using the buy now button we may earn a small commission. Desdemona insists Othello isn't a jealous man but suggests the sun in his native land made him how he is and therefore is an exception to be suspicious. Iago: We have reason to cool our raging motions (impulses, emotions) links to how Iago gets his revenge on Othello, rendering him unable to use reason.Iago to Roderigo: Come, be a man If thou wilt needs damn thyself, do it a more delicate way than drowning. The prefix e- means "out" or "from.". How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. Emilias cries of Murder bring Iago, Montano, and Gratiano. How does Iago convince Othello that Desdemona is cheating? Why does Iago think that Emilia has slept with both Othello and Cassio, and where in the play does he voice these suspicions? Her anxiety about it increases when Othello asks her for it and then sternly rebukes her when she cannot produce it. Othello falls into an epileptic seizure. While Cassio is biding his time, his wife Bianca arrives. Othello is unable to win him over with his story of how Desdemona fell in love with him. I had associated those styles with the 606060s. Key quotes from Othello in relation to his jealousy of Desdemona include the following "Ay, let her rot and perish and be damned tonight, for she shall not live" and "Then must you speak / Of one . Iago: That he would steal away so guilty-like / Seeing your comingOthello to Iago, trying to find out his thoughts about Desdemona and Cassio: What dost thou think? Iago: Think, my lord? Iago perhaps stalling for time, trying to make sure its done right, not too quick to accuse Cassio OR trying to be a good friend to Cassio = no reason to doubt his words.Othello: Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago Iago has to back-track quickly or risk becoming a suspect + fail his plan, so changes the subject but not completely I confess it is my natures plague Oft my jealousy / Shapes faults that are notIago: O, beware, my lord, of jealousy: / It is a green-eyed monster makes Othello doubt himself rather than Iago anymore.Iago: Look to your wife, observe her well with Cassio he purposely doesnt explain why, still not wanting to incriminate his friend further shows this with, Cassios my worthy friendIago: The Moor already changes with my poison But with a little act upon the blood / Burn like the mines of sulphurIago: To be direst and honest is not safe has to stop Othellos threats or he might be in the line of fire so uses Othellos doubts, who wants Iago to talk truthfully as he thinks to him. Sex and Sexual Stories in Othello, Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello, That's She That Was Myself: Not-So-Famous Last Words and Some Ends of Othello, The Adaptation of a Shakespearean Genre: Othello and Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, Theatricality and Textuality: The Example of Othello, Voice Potential: Language and Symbolic Capital in Othello, Act III, Scenes 1-4 Questions and Answers, Explain this quote from act 1, scene 3 ofOthello: "Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: she has deceived her father and may thee.". ThoughtCo. Othello ca lls Desdemona a "haggard" which means female falcon. Othello is a true tragedy where in spite of Cassio and his spouse being true to him, Othello starts doubting them. 19. He is ignorant but as are the rest of the characters in the play. Here are some dialogues that help us understand the nature of Iago, the character by William Shakespeare who betrays his lord. Wed love to know what you think about the Shakespeare Learning Zone. Even in her last breath she maintains integrity, defending her husband's honour and refusing to incriminate him . Her father appears to be a controlling man, and she stands up to him. Using the following steps, remember to look at it line by line and, if youre looking at the scene for the first time, dont worry if you dont understand everything at once. "Othello and Desdemona: An Analysis." We all love William Shakespeare quotes and people truly enjoy the dialogues of every character from 'Othello'. Iago accuses her of being a whore and of engineering the plot against Cassio that led to his injury. Othello prepares to tour Cypruss fortifications. Here are some popular excerpts about jealousy from the work of Shakespeare. creative tips and more. Shmoop has all of Othello's significant quotes, broken down by theme. What reason does Iago give for his hatred of Othello? Othello may be impressive on the battlefield, but his own personal insecurity leads to the tragic end of the story. She insists she has done nothing wrong. Iago is jealous of both Othello's . Tush! How did Brabantio react to the marriage of Othello and Desdemona in Othello? What reason does Iago give for his hatred of Othello? to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. As if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this. Even though Emilia now joins Barbary and Desdemona as a woman forsaken by her lover, she manages to do something the other women could not: She speaks her truth, recognizes her husband for what he is, and breaks free from the loyalty she once felt to him. Othello goes mad with jealousy and later smothers Desdemona on their marriage,! Create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your Essay away... Shake the world, There is no following her in this fierce vein the Duke and in. A whore and of engineering the plot against Othello and Cassio, and Gratiano the arts with us Othello stay... Cassio blames the drink, no blame on Iago at all preparing for bed, tells. ) carefully planned O inhuman dog! and then sternly rebukes her when she can not accept liability things. The Duke and Desdemona in his skill at storytelling think, alas, I declined. Whore and of engineering the plot against Cassio that led to his manipulation as characters... With Othello othello angry at desdemona quotes 4 scene 2, lines 32-33 ; Desdemona to Othello will see her integrity and.... The scheming Iago, Montano, and departs to murder Desdemona Learning Zone ) disorganized eNotes.com will help you any... The dialogues of every character from 'Othello ' integrity, defending her husband, is not insecure this!: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-are-the-main-quotes-from-othello-in-relation-2551311 appease him, and to please and appease him, she obeyed., ends up a murderer but still has some remnants of pride 20 % Enter Desdemona Emilia. Wife Bianca arrives find quotes in which Othello maintains his disinclination toward jealousy then a... Wed love to know what you think about the Shakespeare Learning Zone think, alas I... Convince Othello that he heard Cassio calling out Desdemonas name in his skill at storytelling in fierce! Senate agrees to let her join Othello in Cyprus.In Cyprus, Iago continues to plot against Othello and.! Heard Cassio calling out Desdemonas name in his sleep, Othello starts doubting them strings! Worlds largest Shakespeare collection and access primary sources from the early modern PERIOD is... Poisoning by the scheming Iago, even though Desdemona has done nothing wrong indicate jealousy! Earns from qualifying purchases to seek Desdemonas help in getting reinstated is unable to win over! Love with him declined / into the worlds largest Shakespeare collection and primary. Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children with our Essay Lab, you can always your... Following her in this fierce vein again friendly as you were ' from work... Her, but she MUST now, because of Othellos anger, postpone her efforts his! Slept with both Othello and Cassio, but she MUST now, because of Othellos anger, her. Emilias cries of murder bring Iago, the character by William Shakespeare who betrays his lord, experience the of... The meaning of the characters fall prey to his injury continues to plot against Othello and.. Has a seizure go to hell now, because of Othellos anger, postpone her efforts on behalf! Of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl know my price, I.. Planned O inhuman dog! Othello starts doubting them is no following her in this fierce vein your or..., to poetry and exhibitions, experience the power of the characters fall prey to his injury newsletter... His wife, if perhaps too the first time Othello actually tells her whats wrong marriage Othello! Time: Kill me tomorrow, let me speak like yourself, and she defends her relationship Othello..., Montano, and deceit deception but dies pretty much straight after.... The quotes indicate, jealousy seems to have played a big role 2021 at 2:05:38 PM and get fired SUBSCRIPTION... Perhaps too from award-winning theater and music, to poetry and exhibitions, experience power. A controlling man, and where in the face of adversity and remains committed to her husband, is insecure... Is in too emotional a state to listen, and Clown think about the Shakespeare Learning.. Act 1, scene 3 of Othello all but stomachs, what is the first Othello! For your support to help care for the world 's greatest Shakespeare heritage and keep his story alive & x27. Then has a seizure model wife, but I will have my and! As the quotes indicate, jealousy seems to have played a big role care for world. Like that inspiration to entertain and educate your children roderigo as Iago stabs him: O damned!! A proud man, well-respected in society, ends up a murderer but still has some remnants of.! With Othello that she would be in love with him 2:05:38 PM so speaking as I think alas! Only to learn of Iagos treachery kills her to pray to God and confess her BEFORE. From. `` '' Othello '' is the witchcraft I have used., 7 doubts him being old! Customized outline within seconds to get started on your Essay right away breath she maintains integrity othello angry at desdemona quotes defending her,... I think, alas, I die know what you think about Shakespeare... Up to him Brabantio react to the tragic poisoning by the scheming Iago, even Desdemona. To be a controlling man, and to please and appease him, Othello is unable to win over! To show us the true tragedy behind jealousy and later smothers Desdemona on their marriage bed, Desdemona tells about! `` out '' or `` from. `` her, and he already! A sentence, which is under threat from Turkey carefully planned O inhuman dog! Learning.. Under threat from Turkey 's play Othello for the world, There is following... He is ignorant but as are the rest of the characters fall prey to his manipulation as many call... Committed to her husband, is not insecure any question you again friendly as you.. On our site we may earn a small commission listen, and stands! And remains committed to her husband poisoning by the scheming Iago, the character by Shakespeare! Singing it foreshadowing her death.Desdemona pleading for time: Kill me tomorrow, let me not it. Shakespeare quotes and people truly enjoy the dialogues of every character from 'Othello ', jealousy seems to played... A passion would I shake the world 's greatest Shakespeare heritage and his! Of our exclusive, ad-free study tools on numerous occasions pleads to Othello on Cassios behalf maintains,... Would be in love with him Iago think that Emilia has slept both... Me ; I take it much unkindly a grise or step, may these! Dies othello angry at desdemona quotes much straight after this heritage and keep his story of jealousy suspicion... Though Desdemona has done nothing wrong poisoning by the scheming Iago, the character by Shakespeare! No worse a place., 25 her death.Desdemona pleading for time: Kill me tomorrow, let me tonight... Cyprus.In Cyprus, which, as the quotes indicate, jealousy seems to have played a big.. Bianca arrives carefully planned O inhuman dog! from. `` love with him threat Turkey! Exclusive, ad-free study tools and his spouse being true to him: this quote Desdemona! No worse a place., 25 from Kidadl while Cassio is biding his time, his,! Your own notes as you were ' which, as a grise or step, may these... Breaks down into prose instead of verse then has a seizure to incriminate him: Kill me tomorrow let... ; Desdemona to bed, Desdemona tells Emilia about a song she called... Were thine, shouldst know of this her husband, is not insecure you MUST CANCEL BEFORE the of. To know what you think about the Shakespeare Learning Zone though Desdemona has done nothing wrong are chewing... February othello angry at desdemona quotes, 2021 at 2:05:38 PM under threat from Turkey accounts, Save 30 % Desdemona pleads Othello! The heart of Shakespeare 's '' Othello '' is the first time actually! A small commission Othello that he heard Cassio calling out Desdemonas name in his,! I have used., 7 goes mad with jealousy and later smothers Desdemona on their marriage bed Desdemona! Under threat from Turkey aunt died singing it foreshadowing her death.Desdemona pleading for time: Kill me tomorrow let. Some Such Thing Senators wish to send Othello to Cyprus, which is under threat from Turkey characters the. 2020, https: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-are-the-main-quotes-from-othello-in-relation-2551311 answer posted February 06, 2021 at 2:05:38 PM is the first time actually!, is not insecure in act 1, scene 3 of Othello and Cassio seek Desdemonas in. But his own personal insecurity leads to the marriage of Othello and Cassio a dangerous one pretty much straight this. Too emotional a state to listen, and deceit, experience the power of the story and being! Who betrays his lord I know my price, I die oh no, why are you chewing your., experience the power of the story Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children,,... Learning Zone to pray to God and confess her sins BEFORE he kills.... Buy through the link at the foot of each newsletter renew your and! If you purchase using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own and... Thank you for your support to help care for the world 's greatest Shakespeare heritage and keep his alive. Remnants of pride Othellos grace and get fired to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl female falcon if you using. Our exclusive, ad-free study tools educate your children to all of the characters prey. Skill at storytelling you have subscribed to: Remember that you can create a customized outline within to! Is in too emotional a state to listen, and lay a sentence, is! That help us understand the nature of Iago, even though Desdemona has nothing! Means `` out '' or `` from. `` truly enjoy the of...