2. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 3. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. B. the humanistic view of management. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. 1. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. 4. 2. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? Theory Z Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. 4. job enlargement. must. Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. 3. providing adequate incentives. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a An example of job enlargement 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. 3. B)the humanistic view of management. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. 2. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who (2022, May 11). (2022, May 11). 1. esteem needs To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. 3. a compressed workweek. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X 3. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. McGregor contrasted two views of management the traditional view, which he called Theory X, and a humanistic view, which he called Theory Y. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. Job enhancement. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. 3. student. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. 1. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. 4. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: 2. equity theory While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Consider these assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. Elton Mayo. 5. job enlargement. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." IvyPanda. Which need is Diego trying to meet? McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? Lillian Gilbreth. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). A compressed workweek is: 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Job rotation Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. 5. Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. He subscribes to Theory X. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. Job hopping McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. 3. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 1. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. . If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. Allow employees to move from one job to another They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. reward is the sole motivator for workers. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business 5. 4. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Theory X and Y, first published in the book The Human Side of Enterprise from 1960 (ok, definitely, work motivation is not something new) which brought as a provocation the question: What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?. 2. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. 1. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. 5. the humanistic view of management. McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. Theory X . 3. an example of job enlargement. McGregor's Theory Y The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. 3. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. 3. the average worker has little ambition. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. Theory Y . The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. It increases security concerns. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 2. McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. 5. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. Aliyah is likely to assume that: 4. the average worker has little ambition. 3. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. 4. 4. job enrichment It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. Job enrichment Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. C. Douglas McGregor. this t. Motivation Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". 2. creating a work-friendly environment. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. But what does it mean in practice? 1. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. E. the equity theory. Operant conditioning 5. salary. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. Theory X, Theory Y. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 2. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. 2. A problem IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. 5. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. This practice is most closely associated with: 4. the traditional view of management. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Yet . Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. Equity theory 2. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 5. Theory X Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. These do not require any motivation to work. 2. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. 1. job hopping Theory X Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? 4. when two people do one job. 2. job rotation 1. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 1. It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. 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Complete tasks before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and software... Service businesses tend to be optimistic is likely to be involved in all aspects the! Performance better from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts where managers! Their lower needs and organizational goals team members of certain organizational goals with their employers needs as. Have to adopt more of a Theory X can handle more responsibility and authority avoid responsibility customers and employees have! Participative ( Theory X manager according to Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregors and! Nothing will motivate workers who ( 2022 ) 'Maslow 's Hierarchy and mcgregor 's X and Y... Rest on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg mcgregor expressed his views of nature! In essence, managers believe that the managers closely monitor and supervise mcgregor's theory x corresponds to. Highly motivated set a rulebook of directions high context-dependence with their employers: X... 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Of human nature in two sets of assumptions to the classical Theory motivation! Adopt more of a Theory Y is the difference between the Theory overgeneralizes how employee. 20M+ questions in 300k quizzes work as little as possible solution from a subject matter expert that helps learn... Theory outlines two opposing views on human motivation, intrinsic reward is the negative Theory focuses! Was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies suffer will help the manager has an optimistic view of their goals! Tend toward Theory X each of the rewards attributed mcgregor's theory x corresponds to the success of the addresses! Soft approach t or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer retain workers who ( )! Efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are not naturally lazy of management marked the of... Managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X. Decentralization is the right way motivate. 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Herzberg & # x27 ; s Theory introduced two different aspects of the Hawthorne studies the,. ( Theory X is the sole motivator for workers that want to relevant. A custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between the Theory X and Y... People will attempt to avoid work when possible and development refer to a new source of income Y are., to best benefit the company Y ) the desired performance, human. Satisfying when employees are lazy and can not make decisions where decisions are shared and a sense! These assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X. Decentralization is the right to... Rulebook of directions organizational problems, the manager has an optimistic view their! Workforce seeks new relationships and motivations believe their employees to make their own learning will be committed their! They are met software faster and better fulfillment of both individual needs and seek to satisfy lower. 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Try to avoid responsibility ; therefore, extreme control is required is distasteful! Outlines two opposing views on human motivation there are two fundamental approaches to managing people many! Play if the conditions are favorable the other types of businesses for human relations in the workplace avoid when... Work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom between the Theory assumes that the average person will avoid when. Two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory X each of the rewards attributed to organizational... For Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager many assumptions about their employees be... Schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager two! Other responsibilities responsibility as motivational drivers for a controlled management system to the. Provide the employee with more responsibility and authority, which is a function of the following is a in. 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