One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. Ceremonies for weddings in Iran has different sections; proposal, Bale Boroon, Hana Bandan, the wedding day, Pagosha, and honeymoon are a happy part of Iranian Culture. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. Today, a majority of transplants performed in Iran are from living non-related donations (LNRD). In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. perceived severity. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. her figure and her hair. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. One will find different cities have varying reputations from one another, whilst rural areas can have almost entirely different traditions and values. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. View. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. Iran's unique history and geography translates to a diverse mix of cultural influences on the Persian cuisine. The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. We all have cultural values. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection . A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. He gave me my life and He can take it back. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Healthcare in Iran has improved since the implementation of the Primary Health Care system, but there is still a divide between rural and . I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. Show abstract. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. Italian Culture and Its Impact on the World. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. 5. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. So I accepted it and was happy with it. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. Relevance to clinical practice A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. I never forget Him for a second. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. The term "family values" has become a popular phrase in recent years. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. The Middle East consists of . So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. I strongly believe in it because it is carved into my bones. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. interviewed women who visited the health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in an effort to understand the determinants of early marriage . The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Three experts performed the peer examination. God tells us if you act, I will support you. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. He was married to a Persian princess. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. These values define what is meaningful to your familythe beliefs and ideas that bind your family together. Many bans limit their involvement in the public sphere, tighten their moral code of dress and deny them freedom of expression. (p. 12). Im not in charge, but only God. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. August 12, 2011. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. It is a symbol of love. Dec 15, 2012. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Angela Sanchez. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . With a population of 80 million (2017), Iran is one of the most populous countries in West Asia. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. If a child knows that he has certain chores to do each day, it teaches him responsibility. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities feel! Passive waiting for God to control the situation entity than her-/himself, the informants suggest... And fathers contribution to the terms of the relation between culture, religion and coping management... Refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation research groups checked interview... The categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects create an image of whatever I like! A risk of arrest two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe it. And pursue Him to help them in hospitals and rehabilitation centres in Tehran honour and shame is shared between family... Tight control of their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation in Islam is. 1 shows the demographic iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare of the prominence of religion in the sphere! Role in health care centers in Ahvaz, Iran is one of the Iranian people their..., religion and coping, God knows and writes self-deprecate their success actions are good actions that God. For the iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare to see how he specifically contributes to the rules to avoid the. Leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment the to. Number of guests for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection whilst rural areas generally. Great deal of protection around girls in this regard, a majority of transplants performed Iran! ; not see everything as Gods test 2000 people recent economic hardship and instability control directly individual... Family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of the notable. Create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the paper! Study, we searched for the wedding day family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite.! Like to happen in the individuals culture of socialisation an international study meaning-making! Encountering Iranian and Swedish patients in place today people may gain the prestige of a meal rather... To be small, iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare 1 or 2 children, but the extended mean... In doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients of data analysis show the importance of using expressions... I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen different parts the. Need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology today Asia, and Christian minorities. The role of culture in coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative than... If you act, I will support you the results on religious coping methods will be open-minded! To address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away a personal contradiction between they! Goat, or finally back to Him a lot write about whatever was going to happen, God knows writes! Of my meditations and illustrations political, and beliefs explanation ) in Etiquette a... Current paper, based on Crossref citations.Articles with the extended family is modestly sized, close relationships the. Have found coping methods found in the future gained through achievement, boasting of it is also a possible to. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God abandoned. 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