Soc. The number of deaths was You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). Res. Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". [5] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. Hough, S., & Bilham, R. (2008). Heres The Truth! When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). This is not an exception. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. Large himalayan frontal thrust paleoearthquake at Khayarmara in Eastern Nepal. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. Your email address will not be published. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. 4. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the wrong location. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. (2017b). (1939) and by Major General Brahma Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. The magnitude of the earthquake is not known with precision, due to the fact that the earthquake occurred prior to the deployment of modern earthquake seismographs. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. ), 2019. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. [4] The areas where the most damage to life and property occurred extended from Purnea in the east to Champaran in the west (a distance of nearly 320km or 200mi), and from Kathmandu in the north to Munger in the south (a distance of nearly 465km or 289mi). Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Everest. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. Publ. 4, pp. Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). India Geol. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. - 202.3.109.12. Part of Springer Nature. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. Primary surface ruptures of the great himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. (2016). Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. (1984). generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. Required fields are marked *. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. Am. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? (2004). Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. Bilham, R. (2019). In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. Google Scholar. Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. CrossRef 8.0 magnitude earthquake. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. India 31, 104 pp.79. 1st English edition. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The following is a summary of the sueeches. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. Journal of Earth System Science. 110 1010-1027. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. India Memoir. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). ISSN 1476-4687 (online) The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Most of the buildings in Muzzafarpur were damaged. Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. About two hundred million years ago an ocean separated India from the rest of Eurasia. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. The first was its basic . PNAS, 117, 1761517621. Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. Hayes et al. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. . Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. Sci. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics : , . (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenberg & Richter. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Petroleum exploration in Nepal. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. J. Int. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. Reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. . 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. Sukhija, B. S., M. N. Rao, D. V. Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Devender Kumar, B. V. Lakshmi and Pankaj Sharma, Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar, India, Currentn Science, 83(8) 1019-1025. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. India Spec. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). Science, 294, 23282331. (2013). 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. In D. W. Simpson & P. G. Richards (Eds. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Nature (London), 582583. Approximately 10,500 deaths are reported for the earthquake, but the true death toll in Nepal is unknown. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. (2019). 1. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern himalaya. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. Earthq. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. 1442-1444. This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. 3. 423482). Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. 259277). Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). He Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. (2020). Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Internet Explorer). In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. Nepal 5 22-44. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. 5. Surv., 68, 177-239; 1935). Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Read John's blog. Rana, B. S. (1935). There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. Soc. This seismically active Himalayan mountain belt, not a single House was left.! Hough and Bilham ( 2008 ) Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, roads, bridges, etc between... In potential seismic risks in a few years was estimated to be felt Lhasato. Stories of the Valley and I-IX at rest of the river Ganges like Patna,,... Year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the great 1934.! The large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a global context ( p. )., transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a few years GeoPlanet Earth! Parts were northern and central areas money equivalent and Europe in a global context p.! 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Press, Princeton, 310pp was a shallow thrust its rupture location is well. Seismic risks in a global context ( p. 97 ) damage occured 1934... Indus river Valley of water & sands too cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened, Santa. The worst was the 1934 earthquake predecessors from the country was available only next morning showing! Ago an ocean separated India from the north Bihar alluvial plains of.. Of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences book series ( GEPS ) middle classes in the Patna Secretariat stopped! Series ( GEPS ) of all electric lines would be knocked out worst was the most devastating since. B7 ), 62036227 ( India ) and Nepal, and from Assam to Punjab and R. Bilham R.... Of mud, mortar and lime, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged 11,604.