Brown mentioned them several times in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and this book, written in 1963, was the first book length examination of the Galvanized Yankees. mm. Since the Galvanized Yankees were now considered enlisted men rather than prisoners, they were allowed . In August and September 1865 "galvanized" Companies E and K accompanied Connor's Powder River Expedition. Weight: 0.74 lbs. [18], The 4th U.S.V.I. They moved by the steamboat Effie Deans and by forced march to Fort Rice, Dakota Territory, arriving there October 17 for garrison duty. Once in federal custody, a number of these former Union soldiers sought to rejoin their old regiments. It traveled by rail to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on May 1011, 1865, the only regiment of "galvanized Yankees" to arrive on the frontier intact and at full strength, 976 officers and men. Despite this, a number of ethnic regiments quietly drew replacements from the ranks Confederate prisoners, although their recruiting targeted only recent immigrants from those regiments respective old countries. About 200 agreed before top Union commanders ordered a halt to the practice. A succession of units served at Fort Ellsworth, including Company C of the Second U.S. [n 24] In July and August 1864, Capt. And according to all accounts, the one-time rebels had acquitted themselves well. About 7000 POWs took advantage of this offer, mostly sent to areas far removed from the major battles of the time. [34][35], Confederate recruitment of Union prisoners of war was authorized by Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon on September 30, 1864, after inquires from Gen. Braxton Bragg to recruit foreign-born prisoners. It was sent west for duty on the Indian frontier in February 1862 to resolve a political dispute after its commander refused to consolidate with the 6th Ohio Cavalry. I wanted to like this book since I live in the area where it takes place. 205206). Major General Dodge recommended on March 5, 1865, that all the former Union soldiers as well as a number of Confederate troops be enlisted in the U.S. Once on the battlefield, many deserted, surrendered and in some cases mutinied. XLI, p. 997) Straut had enlisted as a sergeant in Company D in October 1861, became first sergeant of Company I in November 1863, reenlisted in December, became 2nd lieutenant of Company I in January 1864, then 1st Lt of Company G in March. The 1st U.S. Civil War Prison Camp He then goes on to discuss other former Confederates who served in units outside of the USV regiments, the most notable being Henry Morgan Stanley, who served in the Confederate Army, the Union Army, and the Union Navy. [20] In August three companies were sent to Fort Halleck, Idaho Territory (now Wyoming); two companies to Camp Wardwell, Colorado; two companies to Fort Lyon, and Company B to Denver for quartermaster duty. Their requests were denied. Following their capture on the battlefields of the Civil War, the prisoners had been offered a reprieve from the purgatory of their internment for a chance to serve the very enemy they had only just recently been fighting. I love Dee Brown so hard. Volunteers and commanded by Northern officers, to the frontier to protect the trails, telegraph lines, and U.S. Mail routes. [27][28], The service of the 3rd Regiment Cavalry, Maryland Volunteers began on August 8, 1864, with the raising of three companies at Baltimore. For a brief picture of Galvanized Yankees sent to Ft. Rice in the Dakota Territories from Point Lookout Camp for Confederate Prisoners in Maryland read, Cottages: A Chesapeake Bay Novel by Paula Farrar. Some units suffered high desertion rates. in May and led the small detachment dispatched from Fort Rice to Fort Benton, Montana. Confederate prisoners captured at Fishers Hill, Virginia. She was held in the highest esteem by the men and became the mother figure of the Regiment. The cast and creators of the Broadway musical "Parade" are speaking out for the first time since neo-Nazi protesters gathered outside their theater. [29] The 3rd Maryland Cavalry was the only unit of "galvanized Yankees" in Federal service to actively campaign against Confederate forces. Among them was a contingent from the 3rd United States Volunteer Infantry (USVI). The battalion mustered out at Vicksburg on September 7, 1865. Brown mentioned them several times in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and this book, written in 1963, was the first book length examination of the Galvanized Yankees. Four provisional army units including: Brooks Battalion of Foreigners, the Confederate 1st Foreign Legion (aka Tuckers Confederate Regiment), and the 2nd Foreign Legion (aka 8th Confederate Battalion). However, two important incidents gave settlers in the West reason to be concerned for their safety, especially since most of the able-bodied men had left the frontier to fight on eastern battlefields. They are known in the army as "white-washed rebs," or as they call themselves, "galvanized Yankees. Galvanized Yankees was a term from the American Civil War denoting former Confederate prisoners of war who swore allegiance to the United States and joined the Union Army.Approximately 5,600 former Confederate soldiers enlisted in the "United States Volunteers", organized into six regiments of infantry between January 1864 and November 1866. Copyright 2023 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Numbering about 6,000 men, there were six regiments of these U.S. volunteers during 1864 and 1865. Though some took the opportunity to escape back to the Confederacy, most served bravely valiantly under the extreme conditions of the wild west. Most of these units were ordered to perform rear echelon duties or to serve on the distant western frontier. A Galvanized Yankee On May 19, 1862, John Henry Smith of Catawba County was mustered into the Confederate army. Condition Used Edition First Edition Thus (1963); unstated. At the same time the 3rd USVI was being recruited at Rock Island, the US Navy enlisted a substantial number of POWs from Rock Island and Camp Douglas. In 1862, Colonel James Mulligan discovered that many Confederate prisoners did not wish to be exchanged and were willing to join the Union army; he illegally enlisted former Confederates to be used on the front lines. Commanded by Lt. Col. John Hampden Brooks (formerly captain, 7th South Carolina Infantry). Vol. University of Nebraska Press. The recruits were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, and were not issued arms or ammunition until the night before their first engagement. He served on a number of staffs and was promoted to major in February 1865, then brevetted a brigadier general of volunteers for "meritorious service" in March. Hundreds accepted the offer. Their duties involved scouting, wagon train escort and operating against Indians. Save the date to save big! [n 6] was recruited at Point Lookout prison camp between January 21 and April 22, 1864, as a three-year regiment. It is your entirely own mature to play a part reviewing habit. Amazingly, a handful of turncoats did eventually fight against their Confederate brethren. The regiment would continue to serve on the frontier until November when its surviving members were honourably discharged. his journey started in feb 1862 when he enlisted in the 25th arkansas infantry in st charles,ar. Another 800 rebel prisoners were absorbed into various state regiments from Northern prison camps. Among them was a contingent from the . Recommended if you have an interest in the U.S. Civil War or the Indian Wars. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. [14], The four companies continuing on to Wisconsin in August 1864 were ordered to the District of Minnesota. Company I of the 6th U.S.V.I. Prison camps were horrible, filthy places that lacked all the necessities of life. Along with approximately 2,600 fellow . And theirs is one of the more curious stories of the American Civil War. Disease seriously depleted the ranks of the regiment, and in December 1864, the 3rd Maryland Cavalry consolidated into a six-company battalion. The book is available on Amazon.com. in the middle of guides you could enjoy now is A People Highly Favoured Of God The Nova Scotia Yankees And The American Revolution below. Thanks for adding that. Many details and excerpts from diaries, etc. Four additional companies were recruited between June 26 and July 31, 1863, including approximately 40 Confederate prisoners from Camp Chase who became members of Company E. Originally called to service to repel John Hunt Morgan's raid through Ohio, the companies were also sent west to combine with the 1st Independent Battalion into the new 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. (O.R. Raised the previous winter in Rock Island, Illinois, the 3rd USVI was made up entirely of veterans of the Confederate States Army. It looks like you're offline. [13] In October 1865, the battalion returned to St. Louis to muster out November 27. Four companies continued to Milwaukee, while six companies (B, C, D, E, H, and K) were sent to St. Louis, Missouri, arriving there August 22. She accompanied the regiment up the Missouri River and shared the soldiers hardships on the march. In November, the men raised $1,000 to buy their colonel a sword, silk sash, silver inlaid revolver, and field glasses. The Galvanized Yankees. Pennsylvania was the home state of Lincoln's opponent General. The bulk of Companies C and D of the 5th U.S.V.I., which also included 69 former Confederate soldiers in their ranks, came from the troops captured at Egypt Station. The Galvanized Yankees were Federal prisoners who were allowed to enlist in the Federal army to be assigned to fight the Indians in the West rather than having to fight their former compatriots in the East. Yet by the beginning of 1864, with the war dragging on, manpower reserves dwindling and native uprisings breaking out all along the frontier, the War Department in Washington found itself compelled to offer bluecoats and muskets to rebel detainees. Sent to Rock Island, IL. From the bestselling author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, The Galvanized Yankees is "an accurate, interesting, and sometimes thrilling account of an unusual group of men [and] a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society" (The New York Times Book Review). Known as Galvanized Yankees, the 1st. Get help and learn more about the design. [1] By 1864, the Union Army fortifying the remote outposts across the western frontier was atrophying, due to the high toll of U. S. soldiers engaged in the Civil War. The Premier Online Military History Magazine. [38], Grierson's prisoners were shipped by steamer to the Union prison camp at Alton, Illinois, where the claims of the "galvanized Yankees" that they desired restoration to their original units were investigated. But in January 1864, prisoners held at the overcrowded holding camp at Point Lookout, Maryland were invited to join the Federal army, under the proviso that they wouldnt be required to fight their former comrades. Volunteers were recruited in the spring of 1865 to replace the 2nd and 3rd U.S.V.I., which had been enlisted as one-year regiments. After mustering out of the 6th U.S.V.I. If you like history of the West and Indian Wars along with Civil War history, you might like this. 30 December 1871, USS Pensacola. They have cheerfully re-enlisted into the federal service. Companies H, I, and K garrisoned Fort Lyon until October 1866, when Gen. William T. Sherman closed the post for deplorable living conditions. National Park Service publication on Andersonville National Historic Site. Despite the mixed results of the scheme, the Confederates also attempted to draw volunteers from its own prisoner of war camps. The Galvanized Yankees by Dee Alexander Brown, 1986, University of Nebraska Press edition, in English. They served in Arkansas, New Mexico, Nebraska, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Utah & Colorado between 1864 & 1866. After spending a harsh winter on the prairries, in July of 1865, the 1st USVI repelled an attack on Fort Rice by Cheyenne and Lakota Sioux led by Sitting Bull himself. The book primarily draws from primary sources and has many appropriate citations. [8][n 3] Due to doubts about their ultimate loyalty, galvanized Yankees in federal service were generally assigned to garrison forts far from the Civil War battlefields or in action against Indians in the west. William Tamblyn, and posted respectively at, Col. Andrew Patrick Caraher commanded the 2nd U.S. Volunteer Infantry. After plying their way up the winding Missouri and marching the last 250 miles, the First U.S. Save up to 80% versus print by going digital with VitalSource. "[15], Authorized in October 1864 at the Rock Island prisoner camp in Illinois as a one-year regiment, the 2nd U.S.V.I. Dee Browns history of Confederate POWs who volunteered to join the Union Army and head West to protect the Santa Fe trail and the mail routes to California , man the western forts such as Fort Bridger and Fort Laramie, fight the Sioux and Cheyenne and the Mormons and protect against a nascent invasion from Mexico by the Emperor Napoleon . Elbert Sidney Dula Co. C, 60th NC Regiment, captured at Missionary Ridge, TN November, 1863. he was with this unit until the fall of atlanta in sep 1864. he was sent to camp douglas where he swallowed the dog and joined the 6th us volunteers and was sent to the colorado territory. The Galvanized Yankees. later he was assigned to the 1st arkansas light artillery. Used; Good. The little-known true Civil War story of the Confederate soldiers who served in the Union Army by a #1 New York Times-bestselling author. As most probably know, Galvanized Yankees were Confederates who, at different points after being put in POW camps, not only took the oath of allegiance, but also opted to enlist in the U.S. Army. Thanks. General Benjamin Butler's jurisdiction included Point Lookout, and he advised Stanton that more prisoners could be recruited for the Army than the Navy. A fascinating book! We are committed to providing you with reliable and efficient service at . (Brown 1963 pp. [5][n 2] Gen. Gilman Marston, commandant of the huge prisoner of war camp at Point Lookout, Maryland, recommended that Confederate prisoners be enlisted in the U.S. Navy, which Secretary of War Edwin Stanton approved December 21. Thornton, formerly a captain with the. (58). [10] At the same time, the use of "white-washed Rebels" as a reference came into being among Federal state regiments stationed on the frontier at the time when the 1st U.S.V.I. While some galvanized units served with distinction, the program was only moderately successful. It was apparently over-recruited in numbers. Many saw enlistment in the enemy forces as an escape and took advantage of the personnel shortage in either army by joining it. The 1st U.S.V.I. Many if not most of the original 228 Confederate prisoners recruited at Camp Douglas in early 1862 to the Union side were likely from the 10th Tennessee, and this may have been the origin of O'Neill's request to recruit from Union prisoners. The term of deprecation came from the process of galvanizing metal, where a coat of zinc was added to the top layer to prevent corrosion. Dee Brown cites documentation from March and April 1865 indicating that the term was first used to characterize captured Federals who turned Confederate. The quality of recruit was not as high as that of the earlier 1st U.S.V.I. Some stories had potential but just didn't seem to go anywhere. After suffering grievous casualties early in the war, the 1st Connecticut Cavalry drew replacements from Confederate prisoners being held in Delaware, which it scattered throughout its companies, as did the 3rd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery and the 4th Delaware Infantry. The term "galvanized" rebels or Yankees was coined by Samuel Bowles, a newspaper reporter, referring to galvanized metal, which turns colors when coated with zinc. This book looks at a remarkable group of men who history has all but forgotten. Died 1911. It is also a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society." The New York Times Book Review About the Author ''Galvanized'' Yankees American Civil War 1 min By Crusader1307 The term ''Galvanized Yankees'' was a somewhat derogatory term applied to former Confederate Soldiers, captured and imprisoned by Union Forces. O'Neill returned to Andersonville and recruited 150 more prisoners for the 10th Tennessee in January 1865, and approximately 165 more in March. Volunteers, serving in Minnesota. They surrendered to Union forces in December 1864 and were held by the United States as deserters, but were saved from prosecution by being enlisted in the 5th and 6th U.S. Companies A, F, G, and I of the 1st U.S.V.I. I published a book on galvanized Confederates in December, 2020, through the University of Tennessee Press that is titled Changing Sides Union Prisoners of War Who Joined the Confederate Army. Six regiments of U.S. The Galvanized Yankees is written by Dee Brown and published by Open Road Media. Kathy Weiser-Alexander/Legends of America, updated November 2021. The Indians could shoot their arrows at a much faster rate. Conditions were hard over the winter, and fully 11% of the command died of illness, primarily scurvy. They were a valuable presence at a time and place in which they were needed. Regiments containing former Confederates were not trusted to go into battle against their former comrades, and instead were sent to the West as outpost guardians, where they performed frontier duties, including escorting supply trains, rebuilding telegraph lines, and quelling uprisings from regional American Indian tribes, which were sweeping across the Plains. por: Brown, Dee Alexander Publicado: (1963) The Galvanized Yankees. At first, these recruitment offers came entirely from the U.S. Navy. In this case, about POWs from the Confederacy who were enlisted in the service of the US Army in order to fight against the Indians in the west. Related to me: 3rd cousin 4 x removed. Yet this was no ordinary U.S. Army outfit. Volunteers reached Fort Rice on October 17, 1864. Both events highlighted a problem for the settlers; Native Americans were beginning to fight for their lands, yet only a handful of U.S. soldiers and frightened civilians, many armed only with pitchforks, were available to protect themselves from the Indian Uprisings. As a result, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered a contingent of Galvanized soldiers, by then called U.S. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of any material on this site without expressand written permission from the author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. In most cases, the volunteers had accepted Southern recruitment offers mostly to escape the squalid living conditions in rebel-run POW camps. Little is known about his experiences as a soldier, only that he was a member of Hoke's Brigade of the 54th North Carolina Regiment. Volunteers were mustered out on November 27, 1865, only a year and a month after they first reached Fort Rice. They became known as "Galvanized Yankees," for swapping their gray uniforms for blue, and would serve a largely forgotten role in settling what became North Dakota. The regiment is probably better known as the "Galvanized Yankees." The story of how the soldiers came to occupy Fort Rice, a Dakota Territory military post named after a Civil War casualty, is too long to recount in its entirety here. (Brown 1963, pp. Francis H. Reichard commanded Battery M. Sentenced by court martial to hard labor, three of the four were summarily executed in 1865 when they tried a second attempt. Read the new book, Putting on Blue by Dr. Al Hester, historian and former professor at the University of Georgia. However, I do not wish to push my luck. When the native warriors struck the remote outpost, the men of 3rd, along with troopers from the 11th Ohio Cavalry (another unit made up of Confederate POWs), sallied forth to engage the attackers. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 421 pages. [37], In October 1864, John G. O'Neill, colonel of the 10th Tennessee Regiment (Irish Volunteers),[n 28] was authorized to recruit Union prisoners at Andersonville and Millen, Georgia, to replenish the depleted ranks of the regiment. I have the US Army pension record for a family member (with a CSA record) who drew a Federal Pension for a disability, apparently for an injury received in a battle with Indians in Colorado. All that stood between the raiders and the vital 1,000-foot long river crossing that connected the territories of Oregon and Montana was a detachment of 120 lightly armed troops. under Lt. Cyrus L. Hutchins traveled by steamboat on May 12, 1865, to Fort Benton to control trade between there and another post at the mouth of the Yellowstone River. Initially, the Effie Deans were supposed to take the regiment to their new post; however, the Missouri River was low that year, and the 600 men were forced to march a distance of over 270 miles. [17] The regiment mustered out November 29, 1865, having served with distinction, including a low desertion rate. The Galvanized Yankees by Brown, Dee. There has not been much written since then so this remains the primary source of information. Four of those companies saw combat in the Western Theater against the Confederate Army, two served on the western frontier, and one became an independent company of U.S. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2022-11-21 14:01:40 Autocrop_version ..14_books-20220331-.2 Bookplateleaf 0003 For most of the Galvanized Yankees, there was little left in the South to return home to, though some went back to rebuild their homes and careers, while others decided to remain in the West, with the chance to start new lives on the American frontier. Great research and interesting story, but sometimes I felt the story got bogged down in just following army units all over the place. These men were sent to the Union prison in Alton, Illinois, as deserters. Dee Brown, the author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee , tells what happened to a lost . First published in hardcove Published 1963. 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Galvanized Yankees were Confederate prisoners of war who joined the Union Army and went west to fight Indians. Galvanized Yankees were Confederate soldiers imprisoned during the Civil Warwho won their freedom by swearing their allegiance to the Union and enlisting in the Union Army. by Dee Brown. It was July 26, 1865 when a force of 3,000 Sioux and Cheyenne descended onto the U.S. Army outpost at Platte Bridge in Wyoming. Learn how your comment data is processed. In pursuit of revenge : the Sioux Uprising of 1862 -- Galvanized Yankees -- Beecher's Island -- Geronimo -- The ghost dance and the Battle of Wounded Knee. Company D became part of Company E, and Company G part of Company F, participating in the campaign to capture Mobile, Alabama in March and April 1865. It was the 3rds first taste of combat as a unit. Company H, 5th U.S.V.I. Henry E. Palmer was assigned to deliver a detachment of 60 recruits, all former members of Morgan's cavalry force, from Camp Chase to Fort Kearny, where they became Company K of the 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Those Confederates that took the oath and enlisted in the Union service were labeled "galvanized Yankees," by their former comrades. Despite the varied origins of the 6,000 men who were Galvanized during the war, each had the chance to prove his loyalty to the United States. 10% deserted before the regiment reached Sioux City, Iowa, in Department of the Northwest, on May 28. The 10th Tennessee Irish Volunteers drew mostly from recent Irish immigrants who had been captured in Union uniform. Lot of 4 - Vintage The Galvanized Yankees, Third Alabama, Orphan Brigade,Cavalr. Despite these hardships, they rebuilt trans-continental telegraph lines, restored stagecoach and mail routes between Missouri and California, escorted supply trains along the Santa Fe Trail, and protected wagon trains as they crossed the plains. Settled in Moscow, ID, where he married and raised as family. Despite pressure to try the prisoners for desertion or even treason, eventually those taken in rebel uniform were eventually allowed to enlist in the USVI regiments as galvanized Yankees. From Wikipedia: Originally, galvanization was the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday).It stemmed from Galvani's induction of twitches in severed frogs ' legs, by his accidental generation of electricity. 1895 given a pension, living in TX. As usual, Dee Brown finds subjects of interest to write about. IT WASJULY26, 1865 when a force of 3,000 Sioux and Cheyenne descended onto the U.S. Army outpost at Platte Bridge in Wyoming. I am currently working on a book on galvanized Yankees that I hope to publish through the same press. Though he befriended Two Bears of the Yanktonai Sioux, he made the mistake of considering Two Bears enemies to be his own. In the early days of the war, prison camps were merely holding areas where men waited to be exchanged for equal numbers of prisoners held by the other side. The 'Galvanized Yankees,' as they came to be known, went into Federal service on the condition that they would not be required to fight against the Confederacy. Declared a US Navy invalid. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, & 5th United States Volunteer Regiments made up mostly of men from non-slaveholding areas of Tennessee & North Carolina. General Grant was opposed to their continued use in the East, saying that it is not right to expose them where, to be taken prisoners, they might surely suffer as deserters. The 1st U.S. By 1866, the last of the USVI regiments were disbanded and its soldiers discharged. The last of the six regiments lasted a year longer, with the final Galvanized Yankee becoming a civilian on November 13, 1866. It's colorful and fascinating. Efforts were made at first to recruit Irish immigrants in compliance with Seddon's original instructions, but when few complied, native-born Union soldiers were enlisted. Hadnt heard about it until this weekend. Download or read book The Galvanized Yankees written by Dee Brown and published by Open Road Media. Butts places the number at 500, Brown 1,000. [n 12] was authorized at the Rock Island prisoner camp in October 1864 as a one-year regiment but not organized until February 1865. The regiment waited at Portsmouth, Virginia, in hopes that more troops could be raised, but calls for men from the west led to its transfer to the frontier at the end of April 1865. It certainly is a topic which bears further analysis as time goes on. I also came across the Galvanized Yankees while researching my Southern family history. He became captain of the company in Minnesota on December 3, 1864. An interesting book by a very readable author relating the adventures of a body of men sometimes regarded as turncoats by their comrades. Vol. Several Northern states recruited POW's. Your donations help keep MHN afloat. by: Leckie, William H. Published: (1963) Crimsoned prairie; the wars between the United States and the Plains Indians during the winning . Six companies proceeded to St. Louis, Missouri, where they boarded the steamboat Effie Deans and headed for their new home at Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. The recommendation for clemency was resisted by the Judge Advocate General's Office in Washington, D.C., which advocated that the former Union soldiers be tried for desertion, citing testimony from Union officers at Egypt Station that they resisted at the battle until their ammunition was exhausted. 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Wisconsin in August 1864 were ordered to perform rear echelon duties or to serve the. Go anywhere, which had been captured in Union uniform men who history has all but forgotten and April,. Of Minnesota six-company battalion we are committed to providing you with reliable and efficient at. The the galvanized yankees, most served bravely valiantly under the extreme conditions of the Yanktonai Sioux, he made mistake! Result, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered a contingent from the U.S. Navy Park Service publication on national! The little-known true Civil War or the Indian Wars scouting, wagon train escort and operating against Indians New,... If you like history of the Confederate States army 1986, University of Nebraska Edition. To the District of Minnesota places that lacked all the necessities of life Yankee May... 6 ] was recruited at Point Lookout prison camp between January 21 April. On October 17, 1864, the battalion returned to Andersonville and recruited 150 prisoners. 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