The sparks would be gently blown upon until a flame appeared, when thereafter it was no trouble to build up a roaring fire. Hence the name Baal Belbora. Everything was sleeping. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. Mr. F. A. Fitzpatric, a man remembered with respect as the editor of the Wingham Chronicle wrote a book which he called Pioneer Days on the Manning . Their bodies were painted in patterns so that they resembled weird and wonderful skeletons. pare the lines. Come and explore what our researchers, curators and education programs have to offer. Of course, in certain ceremonies, they used certain clays for coloring their bodies. In some other tribes there are series of sub-branches identified distinctively with their animal or bird totem, these groups being subject to rigid rules as re-gards inter-marriage, food taboos, and other things. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. and direct savage attacks at the offender, beating him with their sticks until he was glad to fly m precipitate confusion, offering no retaliation or resistance No definite conception of an existence after death appeared to exist among the members of the tribe. The children, even from the tenderest years, appeared to have appetites as voracious as their elders. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. [T]here was the fear of darkness, general among all members of the tribe. The women then step out of the ring, and stand a few yards from it, where they remain till the conclusion of the performance. The Grengai tribe were possessed of a wonderful marriage law, which prevented relations from marrying, and this law extends to Queensland. This cleared space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang (fire place, or place of the fire). They will recreate to turn it into a cultural centre that will sustain and strengthen their community and they are pursuing reclamation and recreation of language, material culture, art, family and public history . Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Sat 20 Aug 1949 Page 2 NATIVE WAYS AND NAMES. A census taken by Dr. McKinlay in the early [1830s] showed that there were about 250 blacks in the valley of the Williams. used or I believe ever heard of by our blacks. These two circles connected by the path formed the sacred ground. There were formerly several marked trees, around the goonambang, but they have all been burnt down and destroyed by bushfires. Find the information or skills you need to uncover who you are. For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. Further Notes on the Worimi By W. J. At the keelaybang a camp is formed by erecting a long, continuous gunyah or mia-mia in the following manner. Meanwhile a strong body of settlers from the Williams and Allen Rivers struck out to the north-west, ascending the Williams and Chichester Rivers. By scratches on the bark and other signs not comprehensible to a white person, they would select the forest giant in which the little animal had made his home. All the men and women then disperse into the camp, and the strangers commence erecting their quarters. The Wonnarua were part of the land. To the blacks the name became an anathema; knew them no more (sic). This, I was told, was the end, but to me it now seems clear that it was the beginning of the ceremonies, being the time when the contingents have arrived, and before the final part when the boys who are initiated are taken from their mothers. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. The Australian Museum strives to provide First Nation communities with information in an accessible form, about the cultural objects What struck him was the wonderful time they kept, and their singing at the end of every performance. The men belonging to the local tribe and other mobs, if any, who have arrived previously - who may be called the hosts, repair from the main camp to the goonambang, and sit down within it, having their faces turned in the direction of the camp. The men at the goonambang had already been informed that the boombits were on their way. The patient was seated or placed in a reclining position on the ground. Australia's largest language family is Pama-Nyungan. When the Wonnarua see the wedge tailed eagle, they know Kawal is looking over them, protecting them. The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. They were astonished and indignant. 'gxI'wHOs$;I qv,1*dFnuv1:d8G+2(Qke >W8T 9s+-uanLm I have mentioned that the blacks were ver y accurate in the use of the spear, being able to hurl this weapon for remarkably long distances. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. The Wonnarua. [The canoes] were generally 15 feet long, and with a fair beam, required some handling by an amateur. The men of the tribe, armed with spears, boomerangs and throwing-sticks, would seek out a certain spot where it was known the kangaroos could be found at a particular period. There was one over the river near the beginning of Fosterton Road. At this camp there are pantomimic performances nearly every night, the men dancing and acting on the clear space already described. The blacks would capture them by tugging down vines and limbs to which the huge bats clung, knocking them on the head when they tumbled to the ground. As previously stated, it was the function of selected women special- ly dedicated to the fishing ; to pre. The kackaroo (ceremonial ground) was surrounded by carved trees and bushes. When first his family came here, he said, the rivers were full of big fish, perch mullet and herrings, so that any evening he and his brothers went fishing, their mothers large pan was heard to sing, and sing again. Figure 4: Richard Browne (17711824). Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 18 Mar 1927 Page 5 Early Days Of Port Stephens. The district blacks were collected in a cluster of saplings on the opposite ridge in full view of the execution. They were immediately followed by the hosts, each of whom carried green bushes in their hands. . They lived for the most part, he says, on opossums, kangaroos, wallabies, birds and fish. Possum, bears [koalas] and snakes were relished Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 3 Sep 1918 Page 3 DAYS GONE BY. ) ?B6=! Kiripit (now Rawdon Vale) 26 miles west of Glouces- ter, was then a sheep station, managed by Robert Mackenzie, afterwards Sir Robert. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). The sisters of each boy then go up to him, and rub their feet on his ankles. The novices are then brought out and placed standing in a row between the camp and the fires, with their eyes cast down. Wednesday, 23rd 1832]. The hull of the little vessel was made of a single sheet of bark of the stringy-bark (punnah) tree, obtained from a tall, straight clean bole. [8], A range of alternate names for the Wonnarua people are Wanaruah, Wanaruwa, Wonnuaruah, Wannerawa, Wonarura, and Wonnahare. The black warriors lay down and died all around. Lettris The usual rule of each tribe camping round the local mob, each in the direction of their respective districts, is observed in the erection of this new camp. The manner in which the Grlngai communicated their movements to following friends was noteworthy. They had knocked down and carried away eight colonial sheep; all the rest were stolen yesterday. The men took their share first and the women and children made a meal of what was left. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. They were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was cooked. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. See what others have contributed about your ancestors. Fans hoped they might learn the identity of the grandfather of John Dutton, the Yellowstone patriarch played by Kevin Costner. The Melanesian cultural area is the nearest neighbour of Australian and the museum holds a significant collection of cultural material from Melanesian nations. When the grave, which was very neatly dug with the rudest implements, was considered to be of sufficient depth a man got into it and tried it by lying down at full length. The Wonnarua people are traditional landowners in the . These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. Nonprofit and free. If he wants to micturate, the guardian leads him out to the fire, and he micturates in the ashes. By this time the keerang have reached the clear space at the keelaybang, where they throw down their bushes and spread out in a line in front of the novices, and jump about, swaying their arms, after which they retire to one end of the camp. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. Then there was the awfully cruel poisoning of the blacks at Bakers Creek out- station of the A.A. Co. "It may be that the relocation partially mitigates the loss, but this is not evident in the statements of interviewed Wonnarua people," it said. Dr McKinlay relates an interesting anecdote in this connec- tion that is worth repeating. The men tap the ends of their boomerangs together as they walk, and the women wave their arms. The booming noise from the top of the hill was again to be heard, and It seemed to become louder and louder. I have already described how the fishing spears were made, and have told something of the skill with which they were used. three inches In length affixed at a slight angle to receive the slightly hollowed end of the spear shaft. They were painted grotesquely, and armed with boomerangs, shields and spears which they clashed together [rhythmically] as they ran. These were sacred to the owner. Material on this site has different rights, uses, and permissions associated with it. Backhouse also noted the Giant Lily (Doryanthus excelsa) flourishing along the route from Newcastle to Threlkelds mission on Lake Macquarie. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad. Its history could impactthe future of mining in the valley. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. The Queen [women], so far as I could ascertain, were marked some- what similarly on the back and across the tops of the shoulders. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. These spirits were supposed to dwell in the bodies of the medicine men. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. I do not hesitate to say that so long as the present prosperity continues we shall have no outbreaking with the blacks, for it was starvation alone that drove them to perform the cruel act they did two years ago. "Government groups or industry might then find it's easier to divide the group because they pick their favourites and choose the people that they want to speak to," he said. The throwers had marvellous command over them, and could actually direct and control their flight in any direction. Some time ago I despatched two of the Mounted Police to put in force a warrant issued by Mr G. Rowley, J.P, against three black fellows who assaulted and beat a man in charge of sheep who endeavoured to protect his masters property ; but these sable thieves being apprised of the troopers approach collected to the number of thirty or forty, and having amongst them at least a dozen muskets and plenty of ammunition, which the settlers most improperly [supplied them], they resisted and the soldiers were fain to retreat, which they did with much difficulty, not until several shots were exchanged, the troopers cartridge box wrenched from his person, and his arm wounded with a tomahawk. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Little trouble was taken over their preparation, it seeming to be a point of practice to scorch feathers and flesh into a delectable outer covering One of the most fancied foods was the flying-fox (kundewung), and great was the excitement that prevailed when these creatures were about. The business of fishing was per- haps the most important of all to the natives. Thus their visitor was put at his ease, and in a most tactful manner. Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. A. Co. had established an out cattle station at Upper Ganghut a heifer run, in charge of [which were a few of] their assigned servants. In times of wet weather when long continued rain (Kueywon) made everyone and everything miserable and gloomy, the old men of the tribe would perform a remark- able ceremony to ensure a recurrence of fine weather. They were fond, too, of pets, for the place was always alive with parrots, bears, opossums, squirrels, kangaroo rats and bandicoots that had been caught in the bush and tamed to the domesticity of camplife. The top, fitted into this slot, would be made firm with cords of animal sinews or flbre ( and coated oyer with gum from the grass-tree. . During winter would hunt kangaroos, emus, possums and wombats, fish and other animals. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. The men at Port Stephens did not employ this method the toe-hold affording them all the assistance necessary. It is today difficult to ascertain what actually happened at the climax of the ceremony, but the spiritual experience was to be impregnated in the memories of these young boys until their final return to the spirit world. The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. The Australian Museum has one of the worlds most-significant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander collections, with artworks, technologies and cultural material representing First Nations communities from across Australia. Mr Stacy did not think the wounds dangerous. It was probably at this site that my great-great- grandmothers kinship fathers passed those intermediate days between boyhood and manhood. The Blacks also roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold. As soon as the bull-roarers commenced to sound, the men of the new mob entered the goonambang, and walked round, and then started towards the kackaroo in a meandering line, in single file carrying their boomerangs and other weapons with them. It was really a land of plenty. The natives of each party harangued each other in turns, and then the strange blacks placed their spears against a tree and gave an invitation to join them. Some of the men go to the goonambang and camp there, and during the night they swing a bull-roarer at intervals, and the women at the kackaroo beat their rugs and sing in response, whilst the men give the customary shout. In an article The Kattang, (kutthung) or Worimi: An Aboriginal Tribe by W. J Enright March 1932 Mankind p. 76) [Enright states]. . They disappeared in a northerly direction but were pursued by a party of armed soldiers and assigned servants and overtaken some twenty miles away. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p4, Intermarriage of families was strictly forbidden, and incest was a crime pun- ishable with death. On perceiving these Billy flatly re- fused to accompany us. Free access to the resources of the world's leading family history library. A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. Join the community of family history enthusiasts and FamilySearch employees to ask questions and discuss potential product enhancements. A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between people in your family. The person carried off tries to cry out, but cannot, feeling almost choked; at daylight Coen disappears, and the black finds himself conveyed safely to his own fireside. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 23 Aug 1927 Page 6 MURDER BY BLACKS. The women twisted this fibre to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the front part of the thigh with the hands. like shoulder-belts. Boggle. He then jumped his wedges and thus held them prisoners, and then knocked them all on the head with his maul and killed them. If the ground is wet and cold, pieces of bark are spread upon it for the women to lie upon. 1820. exposed pith of the under piece. Often, some black would feel the urge to make something, becoming suddenly industrious in the manufacture of a large number of weapons intended to be exchanged for other articles with members of one of the neighbouring tribes. wD0I*KLWO1?g}1QEl&NJ*p"_$Jf^C?jgF7]}ry5hiTgp^oq1hz"2*,/sSY57z} >g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? His audience would listen intently until they had mastered the words, the tune and all the business that went with it. I was molested only last week by wild blacks between Dungog and Stroud and discharged my musket at several who threw spears at us. When baked in the ashes these yams were very palatable; and we, as children partook of them on every occasion that offered. They [the Gringai] are afraid of Coen, an evil spirit of the woods, which they say crammer (steals) them when they are nangry (asleep). On one occasion my father, having caught several of the youths in the act of purloining some of these delectables, remonstrated with them, and upbraided them sternly for stealing. He told those that were with him, to make the sign of peace with them which they did by waving the right hand over the head and then pointing to the ground. How he, or she, was dealt with I was never able to discover. Poisoning is the most cowardly form of massacre and the Aboriginal race cannot, do not, forget despite their kindly nature. The novices are now given a new name, and are permitted to mix with the men, but must not go among the women until they have attended a few more keeparras, and have lost their boyish voice. We arrived at 4 p.m. and found Messrs. Jenkin and Swayne had returned from Lawlers and had found the whole flock of sheep, missing and all the people much scared. I have seen small nails used for tipping spears, lances made in this fashion being particularly dead- ly. I have mentioned that the aboriginals (possessed a keen sense of humor and were marvellously clever mimics. In a new document, Filling A Void, the heritage office says there is no record of the word Guringai or any of its derivatives, including Ku-ring-gai, in any of the early accounts of the colony after white settlement and no hint that the Aborigines of the northern beaches or any other part of Sydney had ever heard the word. The lamentation at the grave and the chopping of heads.and burning of arms was something not easily to be forgotten. It could hardly be said that they had any conception of a God, yet they feared, and feared profoundly, some terrible invisible being they named Cooen supposedly capable of exercising a maleficent influence over their lives. The headmen now ask the women to come up close, and the mother of each boy sits on the ground just outside the ring, near her son; his sisters and relatives are a little farther off, and the other women and children outside of the last named. At Port Stephens the tribe was happily situated in the matter of provender. Their songs consisted mostly of a few lines, repeat- ed over and over again, with a loudly shouted wy-yahng as a re- frain. A section of the Kamilaroi occupied the upper waters flowing into the Hunter and Goulburn, and the easy gap from the west probably afforded them ready access for their raids. This was done and Mr. Donelan accompanied me himself to Stroud, while the constables and soldiers went by water to Booral. A. Two fled south, one of whom (an elderly man) was overtaken early in the pursuit; the other a man named Green traversed the wild mountain[s] .. of the Upper Gloucester, Monkerai, Wangat and Chichester Rivers, resting only to fly again from the sounds of his relentless dusky pursuers. . As the neophytes are held. The fat so stolen was greatly prized and was divided among the adults who anointed their bodies with it, and generally carried portions with them in the belief that the prowess and virtues of the deceased would pass to them. They could throw their little spears with deadly accuracy; they could use a shield with the skill of their fathers. They were always so covered while the fire dancing was on. long, having at the narrow end another piece of hardwood, about. He then gave the people their laws of life, traditions, songs, and culture. News travelled slowly in those far-off days of 1838/39 from this then remote settlement, but as time went on most exaggerated reports began to filter in and reach the authorities in Newcastle and Sydney. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. They then march on quickly, and on arriving at the kweealbang they disband, the men and novices belonging to each tribe taking up their position on the side which is in the direction of their country. Genealogical Society of Utah (now FamilySearch) ca. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. On reaching the weengarah, which would be only a short distance from the camp, the messenger would tell the headman and elders the purport of his mission, and would hand them a white quartz crystal which had been given to him by the chief initiator when dispatching him on this errand. 1 have been informed that in some tribes the blacks use a vine to aid in climbing, putting it round the tree and working It upwards to form a continual support. The fight then began. Hall and Mr. Darch followed them soon after, the whole party intending to go on to Gloucester to-night, as soon as the moon rises. Having long, prehensile toes they would use them as a white man does his fingers to grasp the object needed and thus would rise it to within reach of the hands. The ironbark (teekurah), was mostly favored for making them. [4], In the area surrounding Awaba (Lake Macquarie) in New South Wales, Australia,[5][6] he was believed to have created all of the mountains, lakes, rivers and caves in the area. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. In 1882, Maitland schoolteacher John Fraser wrote what he thought was an authoritative work on the Aborigines of NSW and used the word Gringai when referring to a group of Aborigines in the Dungog area but made no connection between that group and the Aborigines who lived in or around Sydney. There is none left now of the populous tribe that once inhabited the district, and the sole surviving relic, poor, unfortunate Brandy passed to the care of the great spirit, Coen, more than fifteen years ago. Soldiers and assigned servants and overtaken some twenty miles away ( pop-into ) of (... 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