Its just not liberal reform. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. Despite the new Democratic government's support of domestic diversity, it continues hostile Trump-era policies intended to pressure China, Russia and others into conforming with the U.S.'s political demands. There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. The United States has a democratic government system with three branches in the system, legislative, executive, and judicial. Solinger, D. J. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. Is it that Chinas development doesnt conform with the values of freedom and democracy, or that Chinas growing strength is a threat to U.S. hegemony? But much of the technological progress has come from a highly innovative and well-funded military that has invested heavily in Chinas burgeoning new industries. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. After observing how other nations are doing well under democracy in the international market, countries with command systems are now doing all they can to change this even if it means giving up some of their traditions. Avoid editing or writing from scratch! What is it that Americans dont understand about China? In November 2020 Chinas trade surplus with the U.S. was 70% greater than it had been in January 2017, when Donald Trump took office. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. Sage. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Many Chinese not only dont believe that democracy is necessary for economic success but do believe that their form of government is legitimate and effective. But this argument overlooks some fundamental differences between China and the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, and France. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. The political system of China has been operational since its establishment for 50 years. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. Weijian Shan understands the delicate U.S.-China dynamic as well as anyone. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. By 2020 she was intent on seeing her seven-year-old grandson and infant granddaughter (a second child had only recently become legal) do well. In the years since, China has become an economic titan, a global leader in technology innovation, and a military superpower, all while tightening its authoritarian system of governmentand reinforcing a belief that the liberal narrative does not apply to China. The Communist Party of China does not give the citizens any chance to question the existing and it has total control of everything going on in the state (Solinger, 2016). Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. Part of the systems legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese is, again, rooted in history: China has often had to fight off invaders and, as is rarely acknowledged in the West, fought essentially alone against Japan from 1937 until 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. they are digging deep to create the city's first metro system and doing so in just five years' time . The . This observation makes one wonder whether the Democrats are exploiting well-intended pro-diversity causes at home as part of a power struggle against Republicans. In International Business: Competing in the global marketplace (11th ed.). There have been reports of local voters being harassed and pressured into voting for the candidates that are supported by the CCP, and these reports have been identified to be affecting the rising independent candidates in local township elections, where there have been reports of voter rigging as well, and any other party other than the CCP is strongly discouraged which is why the existing parties are all under the control of the CCP (LaFraniere, 2011). First name should have at least 2 letters, Phone number should have at least 10 digits, Essay Sample on Exploring Economic Growth: Laws and Challenges, Essay Sample on Creating a Local Government on a Privately-Owned Island, Essay Example on Texas: A State of Pride and Ownership, China and India: Nations' Health Comparison, Infidel and the Influence of Politics on United States Religious Background, Essay Example on Plenary Powers in the US Constitution. -- The CPC is at the core of the country's leadership and the ruling party, while the non-communist parties are participating parties. In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). The Leninist nature of politics is also evidenced by the language used to discuss it. Photo by Charles Clegg [CC BY-SA 2.0] Capitalism's global victory has been achieved through two different types of capitalist systems: the liberal meritocratic capitalism that has developed incrementally in the West, and the state-led authoritarian capitalism that is exemplified by China. Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction . And what is it that the Chinese dont understand about the United States? Even though both countries are different in every way, they are still recognized as each others competition in the International Arena. They make three plausible but false assumptions: Democracy is an inevitable consequence of economic development; authoritarian regimes are never seen as legitimate; and the Chinese think, behave, and invest much like anyone in the West. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. Not blaming China means indirectly acknowledging U.S. shortcomings, which could be explosive in U.S. partisan politics. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. The Chinese spent countless hours restructuring their legal system to closer represent those in the Western business. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. That history also explains the paradox that the rulers and the ruled in China operate on very different time frames. . Depending on the conditions surrounding a case, the law system allows special consideration to such as a case. Many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievements have actually come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Second, the economic structure is different. The United States takes in with high respect the principles of democracy and individualism. Some of its technological successes have been driven by market forces: People wanted to buy goods or communicate more easily, and the likes of Alibaba and Tencent have helped them do just that. - Quora Answer (1 of 17): Americans hold the individual in the highest regard, whereas Chinese hold the community in the highest regard. This plays out every time a Western company negotiates access to the Chinese market. Beijing expats speak Mandarin better than Shanghai ones. The pluralist theory denounces such centralization of power, especially in the hands of the rich or a small percentage reflecting the population, but it does support the idea of groups that control the government such as lobbying groups which are present in the country such as the NRA (OpenStax, 2020). A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. Believing, for example, that political freedom would follow the new economic freedoms, they wrongly assumed that Chinas internet would be similar to the freewheeling and often politically disruptive version developed in the West. Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. Additionally, human development is also key for countries to realize full economic growth. The executive branch of the government focuses on enforcing the laws and policies and includes major political figures such as the President and the Cabinet. Today its traded on the New York Stock Exchange with a market cap of about $45 billion and has more than 800 million unique active users. The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. A median of 41% across the 14 EU member nations surveyed name China, compared with a median of 39% who say the same about the United States. The past decade has, if anything, strengthened Chinese leaders view that economic reform is possible without liberalizing politics. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. Thats why China is the most active private-equity market in Asia. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Hill, C. (2017). A major turning point was the financial crisis of 2008, which in Chinese eyes revealed the hollowness of the Washington consensus that democratization and economic success were linked. This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. Springer. The positions in this branch can be for either a five-year long term or even an unlimited amount of time. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit. (2012). The major focus of government expenditure is domestic infrastructure. According to Nolan (2012) "as for the number of democrat countries, 123 of the 196 countries are exercising democracy as compared to only 69 countries in 1987" (p. 101). From the U.S. perspective, upholding the banner of freedom and democracy no longer matters. The economic nationalism model that ultimately serves U.S. economic interests. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. A command economy is the opposite of a free economy and it is usually dominated by the government which is always controlling major aspects of businesses. Investors anywhere should invest in a socially responsible way to advance human rights, adhering to a high standard for labor practices, gender equality, investment in human capital, and charitable contributions. As Western attention focused on the deepening ties between China and Russia and the potential transfer of Chinese military aid to Moscow, Belarusian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka embarked on a three . After all, each is the others largest trading partner, and China has lent more than $1 trillion to the U.S. government by holding U.S. Treasury bills. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. Exploding unemployment exposed the wide wealth gap in U.S. society. 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