Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. As a newly elected representative for London in Parliament and an undersheriff in the city, he was deeply involved in public life. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. In: Ghosts and Hauntings. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. Gregory had been corresponding with Reginald; the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter (Henry VIII's first cousin and Geoffrey's second cousin), had turned up his name. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. Find out more about the London Review of Books app. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Henry accepted Mores resignation. 28 Little Russell Street And so he was. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. Get the best results here. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. It was time to be rid of Warwick. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. And he was well-connected enough to later secure his sons appointment as household page to John Morton, the archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England. letters@lrb.co.uk Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. Henry still hoped for Mores support. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. . Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Her husbands career flourished. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. It was his great popularity that saved him. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. Henry was able to play peacemaker. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. Birth City: London, England. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. Towards the block I shall not go! But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." It did not matter. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. The charge was treason. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. It was children who caused him a problem. Managed all schedules for company and . Her heads. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. He was knighted in 1521, became speaker of the House of Commons in 1523, and earned the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. In 1535, Englands ambassador began suggesting that Reginald Pole marry Henrys daughter Mary. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Higginbotham follows Pierce in refusing to vilify Henry for his treatment of the Poles. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. His resignation was at first not accepted. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. They were preventing her marriage to the king. And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. The little Earl of Warwick remained alive and shut away. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. She served later as a governess to Mary. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Was More surprised by this speech? It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. The grave of Anne Boleyn. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Did she plot against the crown? But not before Lina imparted . Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . Katharine was the kings true wife. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. On 1 July 1535, he was indicted on high treason. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. BORN: 1473. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. He did not share his opinion with the king. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. London Review of Books She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Margaret Pole. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. In the end, he could not be persuaded. The Editor But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. And the king did not force the issue. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. 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